Introduction

• Advent of effective ART, known as HAART, strengthened the case for earlier treatment initiation throughout the late 1990s
  • Problematic toxicity, adherence, and risk of drug resistance tempered this enthusiasm
• Current options for first-line ART are simpler, more effective, and less toxic than earlier therapies
• Harmful effects of uncontrolled HIV replication and its association with key non–AIDS-defining conditions is well evidenced
• These observations, key epidemiologic studies, and the potential prevention benefit have prompted several treatment guidelines to recommend ART initiation for all patients, including those with CD4+ cell counts > 500 cells/mm³ (Management Guidelines) (Management Guidelines) (Management Guidelines) (Management Guidelines) (Table 1, Table 2)[...

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