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Table 1. Treatment of Bartonella Infection in HIV-Infected Patients

Indication	First-Choice Treatment	Alternative Options
Bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis hepatitis, bacteremia, and osteomyelitis	Erythromycin 500 mg PO or IV QID Doxycycline 100 mg PO or IV BID Duration: ≥ 3 mos	Azithromycin 500 mg/day PO Clarithromycin 500 mg PO BID
CNS infections and severe infections	Doxycycline 100 mg PO or IV BID ± rifampin 300 mg PO or IV BID Duration: ≥ 3 mos
Confirmed endocarditis	Doxycycline 100 mg IV BID + gentamicin 1 mg/kg IV TID for 2 wks, followed by doxycycline 100 mg IV or PO BID Duration: ≥ 3 mos	With renal insufficiency* Doxycycline 100 mg IV + rifampin 300 mg PO or IV BID for 2 wks, followed by doxycycline (alone) 100 mg IV or PO BID
Long-term suppression	Macrolide or doxycycline for patients with relapse or reinfection if CD4+ cell count remains < 200 cells/mm³

BID, twice daily; CNS, central nervous system; IV, intravenous; PO, orally; QID, 4 times daily; TID, 3 times daily.
*A number of other drugs may also require dose adjustment in patients with renal insufficiency. For details, please consult Table 7 in the 2014 “Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents.”^{[CDC OI]}

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