Summary

Incidence of HIV-associated fungal infections has decreased significantly with the advent of effective ART^{[Palella 2006]}
Certain fungal infections (eg, oropharyngeal candidiasis) remain sentinel signs of HIV infection and should prompt HIV testing in people at risk
In patients living with HIV, fungal infections indicate disease progression and the need to initiate or review ART

Epidemiology

Oropharyngeal candidiasis occurs in approximately 75% of patients with progressive HIV infection
- Tends to be recurrent and progressively more severe with increasing immunodeficiency
Esophageal candidiasis occurs predominantly in patients with CD4+ cell counts < 100 cells/mm³
Vulvovaginal candidiasis occurs in 30% to 40% of women with HIV infection
- Severity and persistence of disease may be increased in women with HIV^{[Cu-Uvin 1999; ...
  
  Action required
  
  Login now to access all of your entitled content
  
  or
  View additional options to gain access to this content}