Summary

Introduction

• An estimated 1.7 million children are living with HIV infection worldwide^[UNAIDS]
• Mother-to-child HIV transmission is rare in well-resourced settings but more common in resource-limited countries
• Pediatric HIV infection is characterized by:
  • Distinct clinical and virologic manifestations of perinatal HIV infection in growing, immunologically immature persons
  • In utero, intrapartum, and/or postpartum neonatal exposure to ART
  • The need for HIV virologic tests instead of antibody tests to diagnose perinatal HIV infection in infants younger than 18 months of age
  • Age-specific differences in CD4+ cell counts
  • Age-specific changes in drug metabolism and clearance
  • Issues associated with ART adherence in infants and young children

Management of the HIV-Exposed Newborn

• Improved management of HIV in pregnancy has dramatically reduced the incidence of perinatally acquired HIV infection[Mandelbrot 1998; ...

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