inPractice® - Diabetes Mellitus

Abnormalities in glucose metabolism, including insulin resistance and diabetes, are common in HIV-infected patients on ART^{[Saves 2002; Hadigan 2001; Brown 2005a; Carter 2001]}
Etiology is multifactorial, with contributions from various antiretrovirals; patient factors such as age, body mass index, and family history; sex hormones; vitamin D deficiency; and perhaps from HIV infection^{[Brown 2005a; Brown 2006; Monroe 2011; Szep 2011]}
PIs and NRTIs, particularly thymidine analogues, have been associated with insulin resistance^{[Koster 2003; Murata 2000; Brown 2005b; Fleischman 2007]}