C difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial bacterial enteric infection in resource-rich countries in patients with or without immune suppression[Mylonakis 2001]
Incidence of C difficile infection in HIV-infected persons in the United States was recently reported to have doubled, but this increase might reflect improved diagnostics
Risk factors include advanced age, hospitalization or receipt of healthcare services, use of antibiotics, gastric acid suppressants or immunosuppressive agents, and CD4+ cell count ≤ 50 cells/mm3[Cohen 2010; Haines 2013]
Clinical Presentation
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Considerations for Resource-Limited Settings
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