C difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial bacterial enteric infection in resource-rich countries in patients with or without immune suppression[Mylonakis 2001]
Incidence of C difficile infection in persons with HIV in the United States has been reported to have increasing, but this observation may reflect improved diagnostics
Risk factors include advanced age, hospitalization or receipt of healthcare services, use of antibiotics, gastric acid suppressants or immunosuppressive agents, and CD4+ cell count ≤ 50 cells/mm3[IDSA/SHEA CDI; Haines 2013]
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