inPractice® - Opportunistic Infections in Children With HIV Infection

Incidence of opportunistic infections in children with HIV has decreased with the availability of effective ART^{[Gona 2006; Nesheim 2007]}
PCP prophylaxis indicated in all infants younger than 12 months of age and children with severe immune suppression (aged 1 to younger than 6 years with a CD4+ cell count < 500 cells/mm³ or percentage < 15% or 6 years of age or older with CD4+ cell count < 200 cells/mm³ or percentage < 15%), preferably with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim^{[DHHS OI HIV Pediatric]}
Mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis with weekly azithromycin or clarithromycin is recommended for children based on their age and CD4+ cell count^{[DHHS OI HIV Pediatric]}