Hepatitis C Virus Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Natural History
Summary
- Careful history taking may reveal underreported risk behavior, such as illicit drug injection; however, some cases of HCV infection are still apparently unexplained
- Independent risk factors—apart from commonly reported factors such as IDU—appear to include incarceration, religious scarification, wound inflicted by bloody object, body piercing, and history of immunoglobulin injection[Murphy 2000]
- There are also data describing the association of HCV transmission with cosmetic procedures and/or acupuncture, although the risk appears to be small[Conry-Cantilena 1996; Mele 1995; Sun 1996; Hwang 2006; Briggs 2001; Balasekaran 1999; Karmochkine 2006; Ernst 2003]
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Keywords: Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C-Epidemiology